光谱仪是将成分复杂的光分解为光谱线的科学仪器。光谱仪主要包括四个部分：光源、入射狭缝、色散元件（图中为棱镜）、探测器，如图中1-4序号所示。同时，与相应配套的光学系统，如光源系统、准直系统、成像系统，如图中透镜标识所示，在此不进行详细阐述。
A spectrograph is a scientific instrument that decomposes the complex light into a spectral line. The spectrometer mainly consists of four parts: the light source, the incident slit, the dispersion element (the prism in the picture), the detector, as shown in the 1-4 sequence of the graph. At the same time, the corresponding optical system, such as light source system, collimating system, imaging system, as shown in the lens identification, is not described here.
图1 - 棱镜色散模型
Figure 1 - prism dispersion model
在光谱仪中，波长范围、光谱分辨率与视场角为光谱仪的三个主要光学性能指标。
In the spectrometer, the wavelength range, spectral resolution and field angle are three main optical properties of the spectrometer.
这类光谱仪也有着非常广泛的应用，主要有：
This kind of spectrometer also has a very wide range of applications, mainly:
●卫星载荷系统：气象监测、地物分析、环境监测
Satellite load system: meteorological monitoring, ground analysis and environmental monitoring
●食品安全： 食品生产过程检测
Food safety: food production process testing
●工业监测：在线检测
Industrial monitoring: on-line detection
●考古：年代鉴别、真伪鉴别
Archaeology: identification of age, authenticity and authenticity
●生物医学：病变分析等
Biomedicine: disease analysis, etc.
目前，当人们说成像光谱仪或者超光谱相机的时候，一般指的则是这一类型的成像光谱仪。但是，由于我们即将对该类型光谱仪进行升级，为了便于区分，本文中我们准确称该类型的光谱仪为“扫描型成像光谱仪”。
At present, when people say an imaging spectrometer or a hyperspectral camera, it is generally referred to as this type of imaging spectrometer. However, because we are going to upgrade this spectrometer, in order to distinguish it, we call it the scanning imaging spectrometer accurately.
➢优点：同时获得目标物的图像信息与光谱信息；与上一代光谱仪相比，探测范围从目标物上的一个点扩展到一条窄带；
Advantages:: the image information and spectral information at the same time to obtain the target; compared with the previous generation spectrometer, the detection range extends from a point object to a narrow band;
➢缺点：扫描成像光谱仪仅能对一个狭缝内的视场进行成像（包括光谱信息和视觉图像），如果希望对一个完整的二维目标进行高光谱分析，那么光谱仪需要对目标物体逐行扫描数次（扫描次数=整个视场角/每个狭缝的缝视场角）。
Disadvantages: scanning imaging spectrometer: the only imaging of a slit in the field (including spectral information and visual image), if you want high spectral analysis for a two-dimensional object, then the object needs to scan spectrometer (several scanning times = the entire FOV / the slit angle).
1.3.快照成像光谱仪(S3)
1.3. snapshot imaging spectrometer (S3)
由于“扫描成像光谱仪”在探测范围和实效性上的局限，天文学家进一步提出了积分视场成像光谱仪，商业上也称“快照成像光谱仪”。与扫描成像光谱仪相比，探测范围从目标物上的一条线扩展到了一个面，该类光谱仪可实现二维视场全部图像信息和光谱信息的瞬态采集。
Due to the limitation of the scanning imaging spectrometer in the detection range and effectiveness, astronomers further put forward the integrated field of view imaging spectrometer, also known as the "snapshot imaging spectrometer" in business. Compared with the scanning imaging spectrometer, the detection range is extended from one line to one surface. The spectrometer can realize the instantaneous acquisition of all the image information and spectral information of two-dimensional field of view.
快照成像光谱仪应用领域：
Application field of snapshot spectrometer: